Kingdom Animalia : Gate Academy

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

KINGDOM ANIMALIA
- In this kingdom, the organism are eukaryotes that do not have cell walls.
- They are heterotrophic, and most reproduce sexually and asexually.
- Kingdom Animalia is subdivided into 9 phyla:
  - Phylum Porifera – The Sponges
    - They are the simplest form of animals and exist mainly in salt water.
    - They have no tissues or organs.
    - They are asymmetrical.
    - They have a porous body wall.
    - Some species reproduce sexually, while others reproduce asexually.
    - Examples include:
      - Sycon (Scypha) (Photo Credit: Alamy.com):
      - Spongilla (Photo Credit: WikiMedia)
      - Euspongia (Photo Credit:Alamy.com)
  - Phylum Coelenterata
    - They have two body types: jelly and medusa
    - They are found in marine habitats.
    - Their body wall is made up of two layers called ectoderm and endoderm.
    - They have specialized tissues but do not have organs.
    - Some organisms reproduce sexually, while others reproduce asexually.
    - They have an incomplete digestive system that has an opening to the digestive cavity serving as both mouth and anus.
    - They have a radial symmetry.
    - Examples include:
      - Jellyfish (Photo Credit: FoodNavigator.com)
      - Sea Anemone (Photo Credit: Britannica.com)
  - Phylum Platyhelminthes – The Flatworms
    - They are found in fresh water, salt water, and or land.
    - They have flattened bodies made u of three layers called ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
    - They have an incomplete digestive system that has one opening to the digestive cavity serving as both mouth and anus.
    - The parasitic worm does not have a digestive system, it absorbs nutrients from the host it inhabits.
    - They have bilateral symmetry.
    - They have tissues, organs, and organ systems.
    - Examples include:
      - Planaria (By Eduard Solà – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link)
      - Tapeworm (Photo Credit: MedicalNewsToday.com)
  - Phylum Nematoda – The Roundworms
    - They are found in fresh water, salt water, and on land.
    - The body of a roundworm is divided into three layers; ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. It is long, smooth, and unsegmented.
    - Their cylindrical bodies are tapered at both ends.
    - They have a complete digestive system that has a mouth and an anus.
    - They have bilateral symmetry.
    - Examples include:
      - Pinworm (Photo Credit: MedLinePlus.gov)
      - Whipworm (Photo Credit: Britannica.com)
  - Phylum Annelida – Earthworm, Leech, Sandworm
    - They are found in freshwater and on land.
    - They have segmented bodies.
    - They have a complete digestive system that has a mouth and a n anus.
    - They have a bilateral symmetry.
    - Examples include:
      - Earthworm (Photo Credit: Cen.Acs.Org)
      - Leech (Photo Credit: ScienceAlert.com)
      - Sandworm (Photo Credit: Jordan’s Pins)
  - Phylum Arthropoda – Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans, Myriapods
    - Arthropods are ubiquitous.
    - In most anthropods, the body is divided into a head, abdomen, and thorax.
    - The outside skeleton of anthropods is made of chitin which protects the soft body of this animal and prevents water loss allowing them to live successfully on land.
    - They have a bilateral symmetry.
    - ——–
    - Insects
      - Bees, butterfly, mosquitoes, etc.
      - They have three pairs of jointed legs.
      - They have compound eyes.
      - They have two pairs of wings.
      - They have one pair of antennae.
        
        An Example of an Insect (Photo Credit: Teara.Govt.nz)
    - Arachnids
      - Scorpion, spiders, mites, ticks, etc.
      - Their bodies are divided into cephalothorax and abdomen.
      - They have four pairs of legs.
      - They have several pairs of simple eyes.
      - They have chelicerate for biting and poisoning their prey.
        
        Examples of an Arachnids (Photo Credit: ResearchGate.net)
    - Crustaceans
      - Crabs, woodlouse
      - Their body is divided into two segments: abdomen and cephalothorax.
      - They have a pair of compound eyes.
      - They have five or more pairs of legs.
      - They have two pairs of antennae.
        
        An example of a Crustacean – A Crab (Photo Credit: ResearchGate.net)
    - Myrapiods
      - Centipedes, millipedes
      - They have simple eyes.
      - They possess ten or more pairs of legs.
      - They have one pair of antennae.
        
        An Example of a Myrapiod – A Centipede (Photo Credit: BiologyDiscussion.com)
  - Phylum Mollusca – The Mollusks: Clams, Snails, Oysters, Octopus
    - They are found in fresh water and on land.
    - They mollusks have a soft, unsegmented body.
    - Mollusks are well-known for their tongue-like organ called the radula, which has many rows of teeth and is used to scrape food from the surface of plants and rocks.
    - They have a fold of skin that surrounds the body organs called the mantle that makes secretions which harden to form the shells of mollusks.
    - They have a bilateral symmetry.
      
      An Example of a Mollusca – A Snail (Photo Credit: TheSnailWrangler.com)
  - Phylum Echinodermata – The Echinoderms: Sea stars, sea urchins
    - They are all found in the marine.
    - Echinoderms have an internal, limy skeleton and a spiny outside surface or skin that give both support and protection.
    - They have a complete digestive system.
    - They have a radial symmetry.
      
      An Example of an Echinodermata – A Sea Urchin (Photo Credit: BiologyDiscussion.com)
  - Phylum Vertebrates – Fish, Reptiles, Amphibians, Birds, Mammals
    - They are found on land and in water.
    - They have a bilateral symmetry.
    - ————
    - Fish
      - They are cold blooded animals.
      - They are covered with scales and slime.
      - They use their gills for gaseous exchange.
      - They reproduce sexually but the fertilization of the eggs occurs externally.
      - They possess fins that aid their movement.
        
        An Example of a Fish (Photo Credit: Toppr.com)
    - Amphibians
      - Frogs, toads, newt.
      - They are poikilothermic.
      - Their body is soft and moist.
      - They have four limbs.
      - The young ones use gills for gaseous exchange while the adults use gills and lungs.
      - Fertilization is external.
        
        An Example of an Amphibian – A Toad (Photo Credit: BiologyDiscussion)
    - Reptiles
      - Lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, tortoise.
      - They are cold blooded animals.
      - Their body is covered with dry scales.
      - Fertilization is external.
      - They all have four limbs except for snakes.
      - They have lungs for gaseous exchange.
        
        An Example of a Reptile – A Lizard (Photo Credit: BiologyDiscussion.com)
    - Birds
      - Eagles, fowl, pigeon.
      - They are warm blooded (homoiothermic).
      - Their body is covered with feathers and their legs and toes with scales.
      - They have four limbs but the forelimbs are modified to form wings.
      - Fertilization is internal. The female lays eggs with shells that hatch into young ones.
      - They have lungs for gaseous exchange.
        
        An Example of a Bird – A Falcon (Photo Credit: Etc.Usf.Edu)
    - Mammals
      - Rabbits, goat, humans.
      - They are warm blooded.
      - They are covered with hair.
      - They have four limbs.
      - They have lungs for breathing.
      - Fertilzation is internal. Young ones develop in the mother’s body and are given birth to.
        
        An Example of a Mammal – A Rabbit (Photo Credit: Joceloaiza.Blogspot.com)