Pythagoras and Trigonometry : Gate Academy

The Pythagoras theorem states the square of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle is equal to the sum of the square of its sides.
The side of the triangle that is opposite the right angle is the hypotenuse.
The side of the triangle that is opposite the arc is the opposite.
The last side is called the adjacent.
The hypotenuse is the longest side of any right angle triangle.
Mathematically: hypotenuse² = opposite² + adjacent²; AB² = BC² + AC²

Pythagorean triples are a set of three integers, a, b, c, that describe the sides of a right angle triangle.
The integers satisfy the Pythagoras theorem; a² + b² = c²; where c is the hypotenuse.
Examples of Pythagorean triples include:
- 3, 4, 5
- 15, 8, 17
If a set of Pythagorean triples is multiplied by a factor, the result is also a set of Pythagorean triples. For example:
- (3, 4, 5) × 2 = (6, 8, 10) ⇒ is a Pythagorean triple
- (5, 12, 13) × 3 = (15, 36, 39) ⇒ is a Pythagorean triple

Trigonometry basically studies the relationship between side lengths and angles of triangles.
Sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan) are functions used in trigonometry.
The ratios of a right angle triangle are:
- SOH: sin θ = ^opposite/_hypotenuse
- CAH: cos θ = ^adjacent/_hypotenuse
- TOA: tan θ = ^opposite/_adjacent
If you cannot use the Pythagoras theorem to solve for the unknown side, as long as you are given an angle, you can use any of the ratios above to solve the problem.